Causes And Ways Of Treatment Of Aplastic Anemia

Aplastic Anemia is a blood disorder that occurs when the bone marrow stops producing new blood cells, both red blood cells, white blood, and platelets. In the human body, blood cells have different roles. Red blood cells play a role as a carrier of oxygen throughout the body, white blood cells needed to fight infection, while platelets serves to prevent bleeding.

Aplastic Anemia is a rare disease that can occur in men and women in all ages. However, these abnormalities are more common in adults aged 20's and elderly who live in developing countries, including Indonesia. A person who is experiencing aplastic anemia often feel weak, less powerful, and at risk of infection and bleeding excessively.

Aplastic Anemia can occur gradually in a matter of weeks and months. This condition can also appear suddenly. If aplastic anemia occurs in a person with blood levels is very low, these conditions could have an impact deadly and life threatening.

Based on the cause, aplastic anemia is divided into two types, namely:

1. Aplastic Anemia hereditary. This condition is caused by genetic disorders that are more prevalent in children and adolescents. Patients with this disease are also at risk of developing other diseases, such as leukemia.
2. Aplastic Anemia is not hereditary. This condition often occurs in adults because the immune system is impaired. Disorders that can be caused by radiation or chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer, toxic chemical, H*V virus or Epstein-Barr virus, or because of the influence of a particular treatment.

The Symptoms Of Aplastic Anemia

The symptoms of aplastic anemia depend on the type of blood cells low levels. If the red blood cells is low, a person will experience difficulty breathing, fatigue, dizziness, headache, chest pain, irregular heartbeat, as well as the face became pale.

If his white blood cell count is low, a person will be susceptible to infection and fever. If platelets were below the limits of regular, a person will be susceptible to bleeding, sores bruises, skin rashes, nosebleeds, and bleeding gums.

The Cause Of Aplastic Anemia

Aplastic Anemia occurs because of damage to the bone marrow, causing the blood cell production is slowed down or decreased. This damage is particularly dangerous because the bone marrow plays a major role in generating stem cells (stem cells) that produce red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

There are several factors that can cause damage to the bone marrow, among others:

1. Autoimmune disorders. This disorder causes the immune system to attack healthy cells, including stem cells within the bone marrow.
2. Radiation and chemotherapy. Two types of treatment aims to kill cancer cells. But sometimes these treatments also damage healthy cells.
3. The viral infection. Aplastic Anemia can occur due to the influence of several types of viruses, such as hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, and H*V.
4.  The use of certain drugs. Aplastic Anemia can be affected by several types of antibiotics and drugs to cope with rheumatoid arthritis.
5. Exposure to chemical toxins. Exposure to chemical toxins often used in pesticides and insecticides can trigger the onset of aplastic anemia, especially if exposure to it occurs continuously.
6. Pregnancy. In pregnant women, aplastic anemia can arise due to the influence of autoimmune disorders, where the immune system in the body will attack sumsung bone during pregnancy.

analysis of Aplastic Anemia

The doctor will diagnose aplastic anemia through physical examination, symptoms experienced, as well as a review of the medical history of the patient's family. In addition, the doctor will do a blood test and bone marrow biopsy.

Following getting this...:

• A blood test. On conditions regular, the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and trombisit within a certain limit. A person suspected of having aplastic anemia if one or the third blood cells are below normal limits.
•  A bone marrow biopsy. At this stage, the doctor will take a sample of bone marrow from the pelvic bones to be examined with a microscope. Bone marrow patients with aplastic anemia only contains a little bit blood cells.

Treatment Of Aplastic Anemia

Types of treatment for aplastic anaemia depends on the patient's condition and its severity. The following are the types of treatment in aplastic anemia:

1.  Drugs antibiotics. Patients with aplastic anemia often trouble fight the bacteria or virus because the levels of his white blood cell count is low. In addition, aplastic anemia makes the immune system of the person becomes very weak. Drugs antibiotics is necessary to prevent or cope with the infection so the infection that occurs does not become more severe.
2.  Blood transfusion. This method is used to control bleeding, reduce the symptoms that appear, as well as the supply of blood cells which could not be produced the bone marrow, so the levels of blood cells back to regular. This treatment is the risk of causing increased iron levels in the blood and can interfere with the function of some organs of the body.
3.  A stem cell transplant. In this method, the doctor will transplant healthy stem cells from a donor to be given to patients with aplastic anemia through the infusion. However, it is not forever the treatment is running smoothly. In some cases, the patient's body reject the stem cells grafted from a donor. If left unchecked, this condition can cause dangerous complications.
4.  Immunosuppressants. This method aims to control the activity of the immune system that damage the stem cells with the use of drugs, such as cyclosporine or corticosteroids. Generally, this method is done if patients with aplastic anemia can not be treated by the method of stem cell transplantation.
5. Stimulant of the bone marrow. So the bone marrow can again produce new blood cells are, the doctor can give the drug a stimulant such as sargramostim, filgrastim, pegfilgrastim, epoetin alfa. This method is often combined with immunosuppressants.

Prevention Of Amenia Aplastic Anemia

Some of the steps below can be done to prevent the symptoms of aplastic anemia is not getting worse:

• Wash your hands regularly, especially after outdoor activities.
• Reduce strenuous exercise to reduce the risk of bleeding because of the physical contact.
• Rest enough when necessary.
• Avoid the crowd of the general public that are not easily contracting the disease.

Share this :